菲尔德百货大楼 Marshall Field’s Wholesale Store

• 亨利·哈柏森·理查森 Henry Hobson Richardson
• 1885-1886

I have meted justice to other buildings, in their iniquity; I would give justice to this one, in its justice… As you say, the structure is massive, dignified and simple. But it is much more, … so much more that I have called it an oasis… Four Square and brown, it stands, in physical fact, a monument to trade, to the organized commercial spirit, to the power and progress of the age, to the strength and resource of individuality and force of character; … artistically, it stands as the oration of one who knows well how to choose his words, who has somewhat to say and says it – and says it as the outpouring of a copious, direct, large, and simple mind… Therefore, have I called it, in a world of barren pettiness, a male…

路易斯·沙利文 Louis Sullivan

那么，随着时间的推移，人们对理查德森菲尔德商店影响力的理解是如何变得如此扭曲的呢？在这一部分的开头，我引用了路易斯·沙利文，他特别指出理查森的建筑是他的指路明灯。这种参考将指向国际风格的历史学家，如西格弗里德·吉迪恩，他们追踪了20世纪20年代未命名的欧洲国际风格的谱系，认为菲尔德商店是这种做法的早期表现，即最小装饰。从那里很容易将菲尔德商店作为“芝加哥学派”的“极简主义”建筑的早期先例之一。“当然，正如我所记录的那样，这不仅是对批发商店的完全误读，也是对我所定义的新兴“芝加哥学派”的建筑师精神的完全误读。

杰拉尔德·拉尔森